![]() ![]() ![]() 12 Several clinical studies have reported that diets rich in taurine can reduce cardiovascular risks regardless of ethnicity and genetic background. 10, 11 Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a reduction in plasma sulfur amino acids in hypertensive patients. Taurine has several potentially beneficial cardiovascular effects that involve regulation of the nitric oxide system and endothelial function, 5, 6 the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, 7, 8 the oxidative stress system and sympathoadrenal activity, 9 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress system. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) is synthesized from 2 sulfur-containing amino acids, l-cysteine and l-methionine, by the 3 enzymes, cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthetase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. It can be synthesized in vivo by cysteine in the presence of cysteine dioxygenase, 3 but taurine is mainly acquired from dietary sources, such as eggs, meat, and seafood. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is the most abundant, semiessential, sulfur-containing amino acid. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify reliable and accurate measures to prevent the development of prehypertension. Although these treatments improve prehypertension, poor compliance and limitations associated with antihypertensive medications prevent their application in the general population. Currently, several strategies are used to treat prehypertension, including the incorporation of therapeutic lifestyle changes, such as healthy dietary intake and regular physical activity, as well as the use of antihypertensive drugs, such as an angiotensin II receptor blocker. 2 Early intervention in prehypertension substantially prevents the incidence of hypertension and related damage to target organs. It frequently complicates other cardiometabolic risk factors and is closely associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal dysfunction. 1 It is estimated that ≈30% to 50% of the population have this condition. Prehypertension is highly prevalent worldwide. In conclusion, the antihypertensive effect of chronic taurine supplementation shows promise in the treatment of prehypertension through improvement of vascular function. The results showed that taurine treatment upregulated the expression of hydrogen sulfide–synthesizing enzymes and reduced agonist-induced vascular reactivity through the inhibition of transient receptor potential channel subtype 3–mediated calcium influx in human and mouse mesenteric arteries. To further elucidate the hypotensive mechanism, experimental studies were performed both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, changes in BP were negatively correlated with both the plasma H 2S and taurine levels in taurine-treated prehypertensive individuals. ![]() In addition, taurine supplementation significantly improved endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation and increased plasma H 2S and taurine concentrations. Mean ambulatory systolic BP reduction for taurine/placebo was 3.8/0.3 mm Hg, and diastolic BP was 3.5/0.6 mm Hg. Mean clinic systolic BP reduction for taurine/placebo was 7.2/2.6 mm Hg, and diastolic BP was 4.7/1.3 mm Hg. Taurine supplementation significantly decreased the clinic and 24-hour ambulatory BPs, especially in those with high-normal BP. We randomly assigned 120 eligible prehypertensive individuals to receive either taurine supplementation (1.6 g per day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we assessed the effects of taurine intervention on BP and vascular function in prehypertension. However, no rigorous clinical trial has validated whether this beneficial effect of taurine occurs in human hypertension or prehypertension, a key stage in the development of hypertension. Taurine, the most abundant, semiessential, sulfur-containing amino acid, is well known to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive animal models. Customer Service and Ordering Information.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB). ![]()
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